According to John Locke's political philosophy
by Stavroula Fountanopoulou
A number of times throughout history, tyranny has stimulated
breakthrough thinking about liberty. This was
certainly the case in England
with the mid-seventeenth-century era of repression, rebellion, and civil war. There was a tremendous outpouring of political pamphlets and tracts. At this point of history the theory
of natural rights became very popular.
A definition of natural rights
Natural rights are the pre-political
rights individuals possess in the absence of established political authority,
that is in the state of nature. The modern idea of natural rights grew out of
the ancient and medieval doctrines of natural law, i.e., the belief that
people, as creatures of nature and God, should live their lives and organize
their society on the basis of rules and precepts laid down by nature or God.
With the growth of the idea of individualism, especially in the 17th cent.,
natural law doctrines were modified to stress the fact that individuals,
because they are natural beings, have rights that cannot be violated by anyone
or by any society. Different versions of this argument were generated by
different lists of natural rights and different conceptions of the state of
nature. Perhaps the most famous formulation of this doctrine is found in the
writings of John Locke.
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